Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The ideas and developments reviewed briefly are mainly from six sources: (1) the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory during the middle and late 1950s, (2) Bolt Beranek and Newman in 1957-1962, (3) the ARPA program in 1962-1964, (4) IBM Research in 1964-1966, (5) Ivan Sutherland's lab at Harvard in 1967, and (6) Project MAC at M.I.T. in 1968-1972.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
J. C. R. Licklider (1986) studied this question.