Farmer producer organizations as farmer collectives: A case study from India

Small and marginal farmers in India have been vulnerable to risks in agricultural production. Several organizational prototypes are emerging to integrate them into the value chain with the objective of enhancing incomes and reducing transaction costs. Among these are Farmer Producer Organizations ( FPO s). We explore the potential of FPO s as collective institutions through a case study of Avirat, one of the first FPO s in Gujarat. Our analysis suggests that FPO s have the potential to provide benefits through effective collective action. The main challenge, however, is to raise sufficient capital to maximize these benefits. We discuss the implications of our findings to policy.