Environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution of Japanese encephalitis after vaccination campaign in Guizhou Province, China (2004–2016)

Fig. 1. Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou Province, 2004–2016. A Incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou Province, 1952–2016. Scope of this study marked with red box and time of comprehensive vaccination campaign marked with arrows. B Annual morbidity and mortality of JE in 2004–2016. Annual incidence, blue line; annual mortality, red line

Fig. 2. Cumulative distribution of Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases by month and age group, Guizhou Province. Pre-vaccination era (1994–2003) is colored blue and the post-vaccination era (2004–2016) is colored orange. A Monthly cumulative distribution, 1994–2003 and 2004–2016. B Cumulative distribution by age groups, 1994–2003 and 2004–2016

Fig. 3. Japanese encephalitis (JE) incidence at county level in Guizhou Province. City names are labeled. *Represents minority autonomous prefecture. Incidence is shaded from low (light green) to high (red). The map was created by the base map provided by ArcGIS system

Fig. 4. Space–time clusters with high incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou Province, 2004–2016. The area of the primary cluster (2005–2009) is indicated in red. The area of the secondary cluster (2005–2007) is indicated in orange. The map was created by the base map provided by ArcGIS system

Fig. 5. Moran LISA cluster map of Japanese encephalitis (JE) cumulative incidence in Guizhou Province, 2004–2016. Colored regions indicate the spatial clusters of significance (P < 0.05). Four categories of hotspots are indicated: High-High in red, Low-Low in blue, Low–High in pale blue, High-Low in pink. LISA, Local Indicators of Spatial Association. The map was created by the base map provided by ArcGIS system