Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Algae and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents and Industrial Products

Marine algae are rich biological resources containing a wide range of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic and industrial potential. This review considers the chemical characterization and biological activities of several marine algae, including Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta. These algae are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, sulfated polysaccharides, and fucoxanthin, which exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Isolation and characterization techniques include solvent extraction, chromatography (GC-MS, LC-MS, HPLC), and spectroscopy (UV-Vis, NMR, FTIR). Marine algae also show promising applications in the cosmetic, functional food, bioenergy, and bioremediation industries. This study highlights the importance of sustainably utilizing marine algae as therapeutic agents and bio-based industrial raw materials.