Dislocated moiré-type Pancharatnam–Berry phase elements enabling the tunable photonic spin Hall effect

Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase elements have garnered significant attention for their spin-dependent phase manipulation capabilities. This study proposes a dislocated moiré-type PB phase element (DMPBPE), which enables dynamic tuning of the PB phase through translational dislocation between two PB phase units. A DMPBPE designed to generate a conical PB phase is fabricated and experimentally characterized, producing a radial frequency of 10 π / mm with a dislocation of 0.2 mm. Functional validation demonstrates that the DMPBPE can induce a dislocation-dependent photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in Bessel-like beams with nonlinear trajectories, enabling a tunable progressive or stabilized PSHE. Furthermore, by combining the DMPBPE with beam trajectory engineering, we realize a programmable three-dimensional “PSHE clock.” The element is also applied to optical edge detection, enabling simultaneous control over edge orientation and width. These results establish dislocation as a new degree of freedom for spin-optical manipulation, offering promising prospects for tunable spin-dependent photonic devices.