Relapse risk factors during allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

More than 20–25 % of patients with acute leukemia underwent transplantation of HSC from HLA-identical sibling or unrelated donor had relapse.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different factors on the risk of post-transplantation relapse in children and teenagers with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).The gender, the age of a donor at the time of transplantation; the gender, the age of a recipient at the time of transplantation; the type, the number of relapses of previous HSCTs; the type of conditioning; the type of transplantation; the source of stem cells; transplant parameters; the acute (aGVHD) and chronic (cGVHD) graft-versus-host disease or its absence; the KIRalloreactivity of donor NK cells were estimated as risk factors for the disease relapse in our study.We established that the recipient’s age of less than 4 years at the time of transplantation (p = 0.0042); the time of relapse (very early and early) (p = 0.0047); the absence of aGVHD (p = 0.0183) or cGVHD (p = 0.0384) have been the important factors for the disease relapse of patients with ALL after allogeneic HSC transplantation.