Highlighting E‑learning Adoption Challenges using data Analysis Techniques: University of Kufa as a Case Study

Electronic learning (e‑learning) plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of the education process. However, in many cases in developing countries, technology transfer without consideration of technology acceptance factors has limited the impact of e‑learning and the expected outcome of the education process. Therefore, this shift in learning method has been met with low enthusiasm from academic staff and students owing to its low perceived usefulness and perceived ease‑of‑use. The University of Kufa (UoK) in Iraq is considered a good case study because it has implemented the e‑learning platform since 2013. The UoK platform is based on open‑source Moodle owing to the latter’s advantages, such as low implementation cost, open community for support and continuous update and development. To identify and evaluate the challenges, this study uses a questionnaire survey that targets the level of adoption, implementation, familiarity and technology acceptance of staff and students. A total of 242 educators participate in the survey, and the data are subsequently analysed. Important information is extracted using data mining techniques, namely clustering and decision trees. One of the main crucial factors extracted from the analysis results is the perception that social media is easier to use compared with a dedicated e‑learning platform such as Moodle. This factor may also discourage educators/learners from adopting an offered e‑learning platform, regardless of actual usefulness, motivation and training programs. Therefore, this paper offers practical information regarding the main issues and a guideline to fully utilise e‑learning for policy makers and e‑learning developers, particularly in newly established institutions or developing countries.