Key result
Cardiopulmonary endothelial cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming in disease, revealing immunoregulatory therapeutic targets.
Why the study?
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing advances revealed diverse endothelial cell subpopulations with specialized immunomodulatory roles, highlighting endothelial cell transcriptional reprogramming and potential as therapeutic targets in cardiopulmonary disease.
This review highlights the critical immunoregulatory roles of cardiopulmonary endothelial cells and their potential as therapeutic targets in disease.
Endothelial immunoregulatory roles merit targeted research in cardiopulmonary disease; leaves open clinical translation pending prospective trials.
The cardiopulmonary vasculature and its associated endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in sustaining life by ensuring the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Beyond these foundational functions, ECs serve as key regulators of immune responses. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have revealed that the cardiopulmonary vasculature is composed of diverse EC subpopulations, some of which exhibit specialized immunomodulatory properties. Evidence for immunomodulation includes distinct expression profiles associated with antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, immune cell recruitment, translocation, and clearance - functions critical for maintaining homeostasis in the heart and lungs. In cardiopulmonary diseases, ECs undergo substantial transcriptional reprogramming, leading to a shift from homeostasis to an activated state marked by heightened immunomodulatory activity. This transformation has highlighted the critical role for ECs in disease pathogenesis and their potential as future therapy targets. This Review emphasizes the diverse functions of ECs in the heart and lungs, particularly adaptive and maladaptive immunoregulatory roles in cardiopulmonary health and disease.
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Fließer et al. (2025) conducted a review in Cardiopulmonary diseases. Endothelial cells in the cardiopulmonary vasculature undergo substantial transcriptional reprogramming during disease, highlighting their immunoregulatory roles and potential as future therapy targets.
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