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Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. '…the teacher used a lot of Mandarin to explain what Americans do on that day (Halloween) and what kind of food and activities people normally participate in' (Tian 2006, 14). 2. There is, of course, as many commentators have pointed out, no necessary opposition between the use of both English and another indigenous language as media of instruction, and indeed bilingual education – employing two or more languages as media of instruction, for different subjects, say, may well be the best way forward. This, however, is a longer term possibility and in this paper for reasons of space we concentrate more on the amelioration of current classroom practice.
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Gibson Ferguson (2009) studied this question.
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