Key result
Confounding factors, such as confounding by indication, must be routinely measured and adjusted for in clinical studies to prevent biased estimates of treatment associations.
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Design
Editorial
Discusses the importance of considering confounding and bias when evaluating study results.
It is common to come across a study that reports that treatment A “provided significantly better pain relief” than treatment B.
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Skelly et al. (2012) reported a review. Confounding factors, such as confounding by indication, must be routinely measured and adjusted for in clinical studies to prevent biased estimates of treatment associations.
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