A nonparametric methodological analysis of rest-activity rhythm in type 2 diabetes

Figures

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  Figure 1. Distribution of PSQI by semester. A score of more than 5 in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) define bad sleepers.

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  Figure 2. Actograms showing activity data (vertical black bars) divided into light phase (daytime, from 6:00 a.m. to 5:45 p.m., beige horizontal bar on top) and dark phase (night time, from 5:45 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., gray horizontal bar on center top). Yellow lines represent the variation in light throughout the day (24h period). Horizontal red bar represents when individuals were awake, and blue area indicates sleep period, with the lighter blue area indicating rest, and dark blue arrow head representing when subjects pressed a button on Actiwatch 2 to mark when they went to bed and when they woke up in the morning. Graph (A) illustrates a healthy subject; (B) a diabetic subject showing high instability between days, (C) a diabetic subject showing low rhythm amplitude, and (D) a diabetic subject showing high fragmentation.

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  Figure 3. Representation of the raw activity data (panels on the left) indicating the activity level (vertical black bars) throughout two consecutive days and double plots of the average 24-h activity level on solid line (panels on the right) of (A) a healthy subject; and (B and C) diabetic subjects both showing low rhythm amplitude, and high fragmentation.

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  Figure 4. (A) mean±SD light exposure (Lux multiplied by minute); (B) mean±SD average of all valid light (Lux) from the start time to the end time of active interval according to group. There were no significant differences between groups.