Long-Term Events Following Catheter-Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study. AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse clinical events.

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  Figure 2. Cumulative incidence of MACE. (A) Comparison of the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of MACE following the first procedure between patients with HFpEF and systolic HF (red: patients with HFpEF, blue: systolic HF). (B) Comparison of the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of MACE following the last procedure between patients with HFpEF and systolic HF (red: patients with HFpEF, blue: systolic HF). AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse clinical events.

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  Figure 3. Cumulative incidence of each clinical event following the procedure. (A) Comparison of the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of ACD following the first (left)/last (right) procedure between patients with HFpEF and systolic HF (red: patients with HFpEF, blue: systolic HF). (B) Comparison of the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of CVH following the first (left)/last (right) procedure between patients with HFpEF and systolic HF (red: patients with HFpEF, blue: systolic HF). (C) Comparison of the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of HFH following the first (left)/last (right) procedure between patients with HFpEF and systolic HF (red: patients with HFpEF, blue: systolic HF). Asterisk indicates statistical significance (*P = 0.01). ACD, all‐cause death; CVH, cardiovascular hospitalization; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse clinical events.

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  Figure 4. Comparison of the number of HFH between pre‐CA and post‐CA. (A) Sankey diagram shows the comparison of the number of HFH between pre‐CA and post‐CA in patients with HFpEF. (B) Sankey diagram shows the comparison of the number of HFH between pre‐CA and post‐CA in patients with systolic HF. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*P < 0.0001, **P < 0.005). Each colour indicates the number of HFH: red, ≥3; pink, 2; yellow, 1; green, 0. ACD, all‐cause death; CVH, cardiovascular hospitalization; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse clinical events.

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  Figure 5. Proportion of each clinical event following the first and last procedure. (A) The proportion of each clinical event following the first (left) and last (right) procedure in patients with HFpEF. (B) The proportion of each clinical event following the first (left) and last (right) procedure in patients with systolic HF. The asterisks indicate statistical significance (**P < 0.005). Each colour indicates each clinical event: red: ACD; yellow, HFH; green, CVH. ACD, all‐cause death; CVH, cardiovascular hospitalization; HFH, heart failure hospitalization; AF, atrial fibrillation; CA, catheter ablation; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse clinical events.