Theoretical analysis reveals a branched Hamiltonian in modified teleparallel gravity, indicating that second-order field equations introduce unexpected mathematical disadvantages.
As in the case of Lanczos–Lovelock gravity, the main advantage of [Formula: see text] gravity is said to be that it leads to second-order field equations, while [Formula: see text] gravity theory leads to fourth-order equations. We show that it is rather a disadvantage, since it leads to the unresolved issue of ‘Branched Hamiltonian’. The problem is bypassed in [Formula: see text] gravity theory.
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Chakrabortty et al. (2022) studied this question.
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