Integrating Obesity Care into Chronic Disease Management in Catalonia: Progress and Challenges in Health System Approaches

BACKGROUND: Obesity represents a significant public health challenge, particularly in the context of coexisting chronic diseases and multi-morbidity. In Spain, and specifically in Catalonia, primary care plays a central role in prevention and management, yet barriers such as weight-related stigma can compromise care delivery. AIM: To evaluate the current state of obesity prevention and management within the health system, with a focus on implications for primary care in Catalonia, including prevalence, stigma, and integration of chronic disease care. METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted, including studies, government reports, and policy documents relevant to obesity prevalence, psychosocial factors, and healthcare system strategies. RESULTS: Persistent weight bias among healthcare professionals can delay diagnosis, reduce treatment adherence, and negatively affect patient experience. Integrated, patient-centered care models that consider physical, psychological, and social health have gained traction. Holistic assessment-including behavioral context, mental health, and social determinants alongside cardiorenal metabolic diseases-is central to these approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Effective obesity management requires integrated chronic disease management frameworks. Collaborative care models, community-based resources, and equitable health policies are essential. Incorporating patient experience helps identify unmet needs and improve care quality. A system-wide, holistic approach is critical to reducing the burden of obesity and related chronic diseases in Catalonia.