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The Tokyo Opera City concert hall seats 1632, volume 15 300 m3, and reverberation time, with audience and orchestra, 1.95 s. As part of the design process, measurements on CAD computer and 1:10 wooden models of the hall and full-sized materials samples were conducted over a 5-yr. period. The hall in plan is rectangular. The ceiling is a distorted pyramid, with its peak 28 m above the main floor and nearer the stage than the rear of the hall. This unique shape was analyzed on the models so that all interior surfaces combine to distribute sources on the stage uniformly over the seating areas and to yield optimum values for reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), interaural cross-correlation coefficient (IACCE3), bass ratio (BR), initial-time-delay gap (ITDG), strength (G), and sound diffusion index (SDI) for definitions see L. Beranek, Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound (Acoustical Society of America, Woodbury, NY, 1996). On the long ceiling facing the stage, Schroeder QRD diffusers provide diffusion, eliminate a possible echo, and strengthen lateral reflections. Performers and critics judge the acoustics excellent.
Hidaka et al. (Sat,) studied this question.