The impact of stenosis treatment on the hemodynamic crosstalk between carotid arteries

Fig. 1. Diameter of common carotid artery (CCA) is reported for each side and condition analysed for both type of treatment. Panel A shows the boxplot related to patients treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), while panel B illustrates the value related to subjects that performed stenting (CAS). P-value related to the comparison between SOI and STENOSIS are also reported. SOI = side of interest; PRE = pre-operative; POST = post-operative. P refers to Wilcoxon ranked-sign test.

Fig. 2. Flow rate [mL/s] of common carotid artery (CCA) is reported for each side, and the condition analysed for both types of treatment. Panel A shows the boxplot related to patients treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), while panel B illustrates the value related to subjects that performed stenting (CAS). P-values related to the comparison between SOI and STENOSIS are also reported. SOI = side of interest; PRE = pre-operative; POST = post-operative. P refers to Wilcoxon ranked-sign test.

Fig. 3. The diameter of internal carotid artery (ICA) is reported for each side, and condition analysed for both types of treatment. Panel A shows the boxplot related to patients treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), while panel B illustrates the value related to subjects that performed stenting (CAS). P-value related to the comparison between SOI and STENOSIS are also reported. SOI = side of interest; PRE = pre-operative; POST = post-operative. P refers to Wilcoxon ranked-sign test.

Fig. 4. The flow rate [mL/s] of internal carotid artery (ICA) is reported for each side and the condition analysed for both types of treatment. Panel A shows the boxplot related to patients treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), while panel B illustrates the value related to subjects that performed stenting (CAS). P-value related to the comparison between SOI and STENOSIS are also reported. SOI = side of interest; PRE = pre-operative; POST = post-operative. P refers to Wilcoxon ranked-sign test.

Fig. 5. The percentage of area exposed to low time average wall shear stress(taWSS) is reported for each side, and condition analysed for both types of treatment. Panel A shows the boxplot related to patients treated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA), while panel B illustrates the value related to subjects that performed stenting (CAS). P-values related to the comparison between SOI and STENOSIS are also reported. SOI = side of interest; PRE = pre-operative; POST = post-operative. P refers to Wilcoxon ranked-sign test.

Fig. 6. Workflow is presented. All data were processed to obtain the anatomical and hemodynamic parameters of interest. CTA scans were segmented to reconstruct the 3D models of stenotic and controlateral carotid arteries. The models were used to extract patient-specific diameters. The phase contrast magnetic resonance images were processed to extract patient-specific flow waves of the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and external carotid artery (ECA); flow waves were used to analyze patient-specific flow rates and define the BCs. A surface mesh was defined to import the fluid domain into Simvascular to perform CFD simulations. The simulations were run, and the results were post-processed to evaluate the percentage of the luminal area exposed to low-time average wall shear stress (taWSS).