Key result
Part-time employment trajectories in youth are linked to the worst cardiometabolic health profiles among males.
Why the study?
Socioeconomic position is strongly associated with cardiovascular health, but little is known about the short-term health impacts of socioeconomic exposures during early adulthood.
Do socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood affect cardiometabolic health at age 24 years?
Cohort (n=7,568)
Do socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood affect cardiometabolic health at age 24 years?
Socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood, particularly part-time employment in males, are associated with poorer cardiometabolic health by age 24, highlighting a vulnerable group for early intervention.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Early socioeconomic monitoring may warrant consideration in young males; leaves open causality and intervention effects.
INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic position is strongly associated with cardiovascular health. However, little is known about the short-term health impacts of socioeconomic exposures during early adulthood. In this study we describe socioeconomic trajectories of early adulthood (age 16-24y), and assess associations of these trajectories with cardiometabolic health at age 24y. METHODS: Participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), with data across age 16y to 24y (2007-2017) were included (n = 7568). Longitudinal latent class analysis identified socioeconomic trajectories, based on education and employment data across ages 16-24y. Cardiometabolic outcomes at age 24y comprised anthropometric, vascular, metabolic and cardiovascular structure and function measures. We modelled differences in cardiometabolic outcomes at age 24y across the socioeconomic trajectory classes, adjusting for childhood socioeconomic position, adolescent health behaviours and adolescent health. RESULTS: Four early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories were identified: (1) Higher Education (41% of the population), (2) Extended Education (9%), (3) Part-Time Employment (21%), and (4) Early Employment (29%). Associations between socioeconomic trajectories and cardiometabolic outcomes differed by sex. Among males, the Higher Education and Extended Education trajectories showed a healthier profile across cardiometabolic risk factors at age 24y, and the Part-time Employment trajectory the least healthy profile. Among females there was less clear distinction between the trajectories, and the pattern across different outcomes was not consistent. CONCLUSION: The newly identified 'Part-time Employment' trajectory showed the least healthy cardiometabolic profile. Further research should focus on this group to understand the exposures contributing to poor cardiometabolic health in this sector of the population.
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Winpenny et al. (2025) conducted a cohort in Cardiometabolic health (n=7,568). Socioeconomic trajectories (e.g., Higher Education, Part-Time Employment) vs. Differences across trajectory classes was evaluated on Cardiometabolic outcomes at age 24y (anthropometric, vascular, metabolic and cardiovascular structure and function measures). Socioeconomic trajectories from ages 16 to 24 years were associated with cardiometabolic health at age 24, with the 'Part-time Employment' trajectory showing the least healthy profile among males.
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