Challenges for Mexican sheep production in the era of precision livestock farming and artificial intelligence

This narrative review discusses high-precision technologies applied to sheep production, with an emphasis on the use of computer vision and machine learning. It also reviews recent studies conducted in Mexico that have applied machine learning techniques to predict sheep body composition and image analysis methods to estimate body weight. These efforts have led to significant advances in the use of artificial intelligence models, such as You Only Look Once and Segment Anything, for monitoring and optimizing sheep production. In today’s interconnected world, decisions made in one context can immediately affect surrounding systems. Therefore, it is essential to consider individual animal welfare as a key factor in decision-making within production units, contributing to overall welfare. This article highlights emerging high-precision technologies in sheep farming, particularly those involving computer vision and machine learning.