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High-speed motion pictures (2000 frames/s) of saltating spherical glass microbeads (of diameter 350–710 μm and density 2·5 g/cm 3 ) were taken in an environmental wind tunnel to simulate the planetary boundary layer. Analysis of the experimental particle trajectories show the presence of a substantial lifting force in the intermediate stages of the trajectories. Numerical integration of the equations of motion including a Magnus lifting force produced good agreement with experiment. Typical spin rates were of the order of several hundred revolutions per second and some limited experimental proof of this is presented. Average values and frequency distributions for liftoff and impact angles are also presented. The average lift-off and impact angles for the experiments were 50° and 14° respectively. A semi-empirical procedure for determining the average trajectory associated with given conditions is developed.
White et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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