Cognitive appraisal modulates Theta Burst Stimulation effects on stress-reactive rumination and affect

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Experimental procedure. cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; ECG = electrocardiogram; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PASA = Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Scale; SERI = State Emotion Regulation Inventory; state rum = state rumination questionnaire; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale assessing current stress (0–100%)

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  Fig. 2. Raincloud plots for subjective stress dependent on PASA secondary appraisal. Note that in terms of clearer visualization, we categorized continuous PASA secondary appraisal in low and high scores according to a median split. Individual jittered raw data are represented by dots. Data distributions are depicted by split-half violin plots (on the right side of each series of boxplots). Each boxplot displays the stimulation condition median alongside the interquartile ranges (horizontal lines). min = minutes; post speech = post job interview of the TSST; post math = post arithmetic task of the TSST; TSST = Trier Social Stress Test

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  Fig. 3. Raincloud plots for state rumination dependent on stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS) and PASA secondary appraisal. Note that in terms of clearer visualization, we categorized continuous PASA secondary appraisal in low and high scores according to a median split. Individual jittered raw data are represented by dots. Data distributions are depicted by split-half violin plots (on the right side of each series of boxplots). Each boxplot displays the stimulation condition median alongside the interquartile ranges (horizontal lines). cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; min = minutes; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; TSST = Trier Social Stress Test

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  Fig. 4. Predicted values (marginal effects) for state rumination post 60 min TSST dependent on PASA secondary appraisal ratings for each stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS), respectively. cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; PASA = Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Scale

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  Fig. 5. Raincloud plots for positive affect dependent on stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS) and PASA secondary appraisal. Note that in terms of clearer visualization, we categorized continuous PASA secondary appraisal in low and high scores according to a median split. Individual jittered raw data are represented by dots. Data distributions are depicted by split-half violin plots (on the right side of each series of boxplots). Each boxplot displays the stimulation condition median alongside the interquartile ranges (horizontal lines). cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; min = minutes; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; TSST = Trier Social Stress Test

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  Fig. 6. Predicted values (marginal effects) for positive affect 0 min post TSST dependent on PASA secondary appraisal ratings for each stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS), respectively. cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; PASA = Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Scale

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  Fig. 7. Raincloud plots for negative affect dependent on stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS) and PASA secondary appraisal. Note that in terms of clearer visualization, we categorized continuous PASA secondary appraisal in low and high scores according to a median split. Individual jittered raw data are represented by dots. Data distributions are depicted by split-half violin plots (on the right side of each series of boxplots). Each boxplot displays the stimulation condition median alongside the interquartile ranges (horizontal lines). cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; min = minutes; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; TSST = Trier Social Stress Test

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  Fig. 8. Predicted values (marginal effects) for negative affect 60 min post TSST dependent on PASA secondary appraisal ratings for each stimulation condition (A = sTBS, B = iTBS, C = cTBS). cTBS = continuous Theta Burst Stimulation; iTBS = intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation; sTBS = sham Theta Burst Stimulation; PASA = Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Scale