Transplantation and Mortality as Competing Outcomes Among Patients on Dialysis With Newly Diagnosed Cancer: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Rationale & Objective: A cancer diagnosis for patients receiving dialysis is associated with complex risks that may influence survival and access to transplantation.This study's aim was to characterize the probability and timing of cancer-related death, non-cancer death, and transplantation among patients diagnosed with incident cancer after dialysis initiation. StudyDesign: Longitudinal cohort study.Setting & Participants: 3,052 patients receiving dialysis in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2021, identified in the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry who were diagnosed with cancer after starting dialysis.Exposure: Cancer, categorized by type and stage.Outcome: Transplantation, as well as cancer-related death and non-cancer death, for the five most common cancer types.Analytical Approach: Parametric mixture competing risk models to estimate event probabilities and timing, stratified by age and cancer stage.