Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Cardiac Disease

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping clinical and operational cardiology by improving diagnostic precision, risk assessment, and early deterioration detection1 through cardiac imaging, electrocardiography, and electronic health record (EHR) analysis. Building on this progress, the field is shifting from specific single-task tools to generalized models and end-to-end systems that can reuse knowledge across tasks, reason over text and images, and coordinate clinical workflows. This work highlights 3 AI paradigms, foundation models, large language models and vision language models, and agentic AI systems that are central to this transition toward generalized cardiology AI by outlining bedside relevance, early evidence, risks, and safeguards.