Optical switch: Dynamically controllable plasmon-induced transparency and polarization-insensitive operation

By taking advantage of the plasmon properties of graphene, a plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) system with multi-mode coupling can be constructed.We present a polarization-insensitive multifunctional metasurface leveraging graphene- vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) composites, where PIT arises from tailored bright-dark mode interactions. Capitalizing on the thermally triggered insulator-metal transition of VO 2 , we demonstrate a quadruple-band optical switch with exceptional metrics: 99% modulation depth (MD), 1.2 dB insertion loss (IL), and 8.7 dB (ER) extinction ratio—collectively enhancing signal integrity in photonic systems. Furthermore, this reconfigurable platform achieves VO 2 -tunable band-stop filtering via PIT modulation, advancing dynamically programmable photonic integrated circuits.