Efficient Thermal Management in Rectangular Enclosures with Wavy Fins Under Dipole Magnetic Field Effects: A Novel Strategy

The present study is a novel approach to thermal management using wavy fins and localized dipole magnetic field effects within rectangular enclosures. The scope of this study is to determine how the magnetic field strength, Reynolds number, fin geometry, and nanofluid concentration will affect the heat transfer efficiency and fluid flow characteristics of the working fluid within a rectangular container. The dimensionless governing partial differential equations are formulated using the stream–vorticity approach and solved numerically through an efficient computational algorithm implemented in MATLAB®. This study is distinguished from previous work because: The typical methods employed to analyze these types of systems assume a uniform magnetic field; however, this study employs localized dipole-like magnetic sources applied at the center of the bottom horizontal side of the cavity. Flow and thermal structure are examined using Streamlines and Isotherm contours. The increase in the magnetic number (Mn) resulted in a large increase in the heat transfer performance (Nusselt Number), as it results from the combined effects of increased Lorentz forces and high thermal conductivity of nanofluids, enhancing the mixing capability and improving the convective heat transfer characteristics. Although the skin friction coefficient (CfRe) decreases slightly, the flow dynamics change as a result of applying the magnetic source to the working fluid. There is a significant 109% increase in the heat transfer performance from increasing the Reynolds number, and only a 0.27% decrease in CfRe resulting from the use of more inertial forces creating turbulence / thinner boundary layers. The height of the wavy fins significantly impacted the thermal performance of the enclosure by dividing the domain, thus reducing natural convection and causing a decline in the Nusselt number as well as increasing the skin friction coefficient due to the increased velocity gradients of the flow near the wavy fin surfaces.