What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to summarize the radiation exposure associated with endoscopic spine surgery and strategies for dose optimization.

The Fluoroscopy Paradox: Radiation Exposure, Dose Optimization, and Occupational Risk in Full-Endoscopic and Biportal Spine Surgery—A Narrative Review

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Narrative review synthesizes radiation exposure data and optimization strategies in endoscopic spine surgery, suggesting improvements for safety.

This review aims to summarize the radiation exposure associated with endoscopic spine surgery and strategies for dose optimization.
Reviewed literature on radiation doses specific to endoscopic spine surgery techniques.
Compared radiation exposure in endoscopic procedures with minimally invasive and open surgery alternatives.
Discussed various dose-optimization strategies including basic and advanced technologies.
Identified that simple interventions like collimation can lead to significant reductions in radiation dose.
Highlighted the value of technologies such as robotic guidance, especially for endoscopic interbody procedures.
Emphasized the importance of ALARA practices in maintaining low radiation exposure during procedures.

Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Narrative review synthesizes radiation exposure data and optimization strategies in endoscopic spine surgery, suggesting improvements for safety.