Stability Analysis of ScanSAR Descalloping Based on Azimuth Radiometric Baseline under Scene Homogeneity

The ScanSAR mode offers wide swath coverage; however, it inherently entails scalloping, a periodic radiometric fluctuation in the azimuth direction due to burst mode operation. Although methods for estimating a radiometric baseline from the average azimuth intensity profile have been used for correction, their performance depends on the statistical properties of the reference scene. This study analyzes the impact of scene homogeneity on the performance of the scalloping period and modulation component estimation. The experimental results demonstrate that using heterogeneous reference regions causes estimation errors owing to terrain interference, leading to intensity distortion in the corrected image. Conversely, homogeneous regions allow for stable estimation of the modulation components and effective correction. These findings underscore the necessity of selecting statistically homogeneous regions for robust ScanSAR descalloping.