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May 24, 2026MedicineOpen Access

The triglyceride-glucose index as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance for predicting peripheral vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis

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Why the study?

The TyG index shows promise for predicting vascular complications in T2DM, but its utility in predicting peripheral vascular complications and its dose-response relationship needed evaluation.

Does a higher TyG index predict peripheral vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Population

186 T2DM patients admitted between April and December 2025

Comparison

TyG index quartiles Q2, Q3, and Q4 vs Q1

Design

Retrospective analysis

Key result

Higher TyG index levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of peripheral vascular complications in T2DM patients (Q4 vs Q1 OR 4.47; 95% CI 2.42-6.58; P<.001).

Authors

DFDong FanXMXiaoyu MaLZLuyao Zhang

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

TyG index may support risk stratification in T2DM; leaves open its added value over standard markers in prospective studies.

Key Points

  • Evaluate the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index's predictive ability for peripheral vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Retrospective analysis of 186 T2DM patients admitted from April to December 2025.
  • Participants categorized into complications group (n=66) and no-complications group (n=120).
  • Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curves assessed the predictive value and risk factors.
  • Complications group exhibited higher fasting glucose and TyG index (all P < .05).
  • Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease increased with TyG quartiles (Q1: 8.7%, Q4: 68.1%; P < .001).
  • TyG index predicted complications with an AUC of 0.768, optimal cutoff value 8.89, 75.8% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=186)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does a higher TyG index predict peripheral vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes?

P
Population
186 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted between April and December 2025
I
Intervention
High Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (Quartiles 2-4)
C
Comparator
Low Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (Quartile 1)
O
Outcome
Peripheral vascular complicationshard clinical

Main Result

Effect estimate: OR 4.47 (95% CI 2.42-6.58)

Absolute Event Rate: 68.1% vs 8.7%

p-value: p=<.001

The TyG index demonstrates a significant nonlinear positive association with peripheral vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting its potential utility as a predictive marker.

Limitations

  • Requires larger multicenter prospective studies with external validation before clinical implementation
  • Requires larger multicenter prospective studies
  • Lack of external validation
  • Cross-sectional design limits causal inference

Cite This Study

Fan et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n=186). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index vs. Lowest TyG index quartile (Q1) was evaluated on Peripheral vascular complications (OR 4.47, 95% CI 2.42-6.58, p=<.001). Higher TyG index levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of peripheral vascular complications in T2DM patients (Q4 vs Q1 OR 4.47; 95% CI 2.42-6.58; P<.001).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a12960648a0ea166567276ahttps://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000048910
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