Seismic Constraints on the 3‐D Magma Conduit System of Mount Etna

Mount Etna, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, provides an excellent natural laboratory for investigating magma plumbing systems. However, previous models of Etna's volcanic structure have not adequately resolved the distribution of deep magma conduits. In this work, we use seismic tomography to obtain high‐resolution 3‐D images of P and S wave velocities, azimuthal anisotropy, and the V p / V s ratio. Our results reveal a volatile‐rich magma reservoir beneath the central crater and an independent conduit beneath the southeastern flank. Divergent fast‐velocity directions (FVDs) beneath the crater highlight the influence of magmatic processes on the shallow structure, whereas a main deep conduit originates northwest of the volcano, where melt‐rich magma ascends vertically and migrates laterally along the boundary between the Hyblean Plateau and the Apenninic‐Maghrebian chain before feeding the eastern flank. The coexistence of high‐velocity, low‐ V p / V s and low‐velocity, high‐ V p / V s anomalies indicates multiple magma reservoirs with different saturated properties in the middle and shallow crust. Our findings refine the structural image of the Etna's multi‐channel conduit system and shed new light on the dynamics of magma transport in persistently active volcanoes worldwide.