The Role of Phytocompounds and the Physiological Response of the Skin in Common Dermatological Conditions: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Trends

Background: The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, plays a crucial role in protection, immunity and homeostasis. Its exposure to environmental and internal factors contributes to the development of various dermatological conditions. Conventional treatments are often associated with adverse effects and increased resistance. This review aims to explore the growing role of phytotherapeutic approaches in dermatology, along with mapping recent research trends in the field. Methods: The paper presents three parts: the first part highlights the mapping of interest in the addressed topic through a systematic selection of the specialized literature using the Web of Science database. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection, with data visualized in VOSviewer to identify publication trends, keyword clusters, and collaboration networks across European countries. Subsequently, in the second part of the review, the main topical topics regarding the skin were addressed (the immune and non-immune response system, microbiome composition and physiological responses in different situations). The third part of the paper addresses phytotherapy targeted at the dermatological sphere and controlled release therapeutic systems. Results: The analysis identified a total of 267 publications, with a significant increase in recent years. Key research clusters included phytochemical-based therapies, nanocarrier systems, and inflammatory skin conditions. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed emerging trends in nanoformulations and targeted delivery systems. The main research groups focused on polyphenols, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects and advanced delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and liposomes. In addition, innovative formulations have improved bioavailability and targeted administration. Conclusions: Phytotherapeutic approaches represent a promising alternative to conventional dermatological treatments, offering effective, safer and more sustainable solutions. The integration of natural compounds with modern delivery systems improves therapeutic outcomes and minimizes side effects, supporting their increasing relevance in clinical and pharmaceutical research.