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The aim is to explore the linguistic practices of code-mixing and code-switching within the Javadese-Deli subculture due to historical migration.

Javanese migration and language practices since the Dutch East Indies: Exploring code-mixing and code-switching in the Jadel subculture

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The aim is to explore the linguistic practices of code-mixing and code-switching within the Javadese-Deli subculture due to historical migration.
Direct observation
In-depth interviews with twenty selected participants
Artefact and document analysis
Findings illustrate the historical emergence of the Javanese-Deli subculture from colonial migration.
Unique social organizations foster a shared community identity integrating both Javanese and Deli cultures.
Transculturation is evidenced through shared linguistic practices and community traditions.

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Study explores language dynamics and identity in Javanese-Deli subculture, suggesting cultural interconnection.

Hidayat et al. (2026) studied this question.

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