The Living Looms: Traditional Art, Craft, and Hereditary Occupations in the Economy of Assam

Abstract Assam’s traditional arts, crafts, and hereditary occupations form an essential part of the region’s cultural identity and rural economy. Handloom weaving, pottery, brasswork, woodcarving, mask-making, and folk performances have been sustained through generations by hereditary artisans who transmit skills through family and community traditions. These crafts not only preserve cultural heritage but also provide livelihoods to thousands of rural households. The study explores the relationship between traditional craftsmanship, informal economies, and socio-economic resilience in Assam. It highlights how artisans adapt to globalization, modernization, labor migration, and changing market demands while striving to retain their cultural identity. The paper also examines the role of cooperatives, haat markets, tourism, e-commerce, government schemes, and private initiatives in strengthening the craft economy. Despite facing challenges such as declining youth participation, market competition, and labor mobility, Assam’s craft traditions continue to evolve through innovation and sustainable practices. The study concludes that preserving and promoting traditional arts and hereditary occupations is essential for safeguarding Assam’s cultural legacy, strengthening rural livelihoods, and ensuring inclusive economic development in a rapidly changing world.