Infant Imitation and Memory: Nine-Month-Olds in Immediate and Deferred Tests

The ability of 9-month-old infants to imitate simple actions with novel objects was investigated.Both immediate and deferred imitation were tested, the latter by interposing a 24-hour delay between the stimulus-presentation and response periods.The results provide evidence for both immediate and deferred imitation; moreover, imitative responding was not significantly dampened by the 24-hour delay.The findings demonstrate that there exists some underlying capacity for deferring imitation of certain acts well under 1 year of age, and thus that this ability does not develop in a stagelike step function at about 18-24 months as commonly predicted.These findings also show that imitation in early infancy can span wide enough delays to be of potential service in social development; actions on novel objects that are observed one day can be stored by the child and repeated the next day.The study of deferred imitation provides a largely untapped method for investigating the nature and development of recall memory in the preverbal child.Only recently have the origins and development of deferred imitation begun to be empirically investigated.McCall, Parke, and Kavanaugh