Population
Isolated canine ventricular muscles (25 x 25 mm preparations with nearly uniform fiber orientation)
Comparison
Different activation sequences vs Comparisons between different activation sequences
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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May modulate reentry risk via refractoriness inhomogeneity; hypothesis-generating in animal models, human relevance remains open.
Activation sequence and anisotropic cellular geometry significantly alter action potential duration, creating spatial inhomogeneity in refractoriness that facilitates reentrant arrhythmias.
Osaka et al. (1987) studied this question.