Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Medical Therapy for Chronic Total Occlusion in Older Adults

Figures

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  Figure 1. Outcomes for Cardiac Death Following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for cardiac death with percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for age, gender, and follow-up. OMT = optimal medical therapy; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RE = random-effects model.

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  Figure 2. Outcomes for Myocardial Infarction Following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for Myocardial Infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up, age, and gender. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 3. Outcomes for All-Cause Death Following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for All-cause death with percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up period. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 4. Outcomes for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up period, age, and gender. MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 5. Outcomes for Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events Following Successful Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) with percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up period, age, and gender. MACCE = major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 6. Outcomes for Any Revascularization Following Attempted Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Medical Therapy Among Included Patients Includes PCI/coronary artery bypass graft target vessel and nontarget vessel revascularization. Individual and pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for revascularization with attempted percutaneous coronary intervention vs optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up period, age, and gender. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Figure 7. Change in Seattle Angina Questionnaire With Outcomes of Attempted/Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and OMT/Failed PCI Individual and pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% CIs for any revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs failed PCI/optimal medical therapy alone. Adjusted for follow-up period, age, and gender. SAQ = Seattle Angina Questionnaire; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

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  Central Illustration. Meta-Analysis of Included Studies Comparing Attempted/Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Optimal Medical Therapy or Failed Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion CTO = chronic total occlusions; MACCE = major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; MI = myocardial infarction; OMT = optimal medical therapy; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RR = relative risk.