C-Reactive Protein Upregulates Complement-Inhibitory Factors in Endothelial Cells

BACKGROUND: Because complement-mediated vascular injury participates in atherosclerosis and C-reactive protein (CRP) can activate the complement cascade, we sought to determine whether CRP affects the expression of the protective complement-inhibitory factors on the cell surface of endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS: Human coronary artery or human saphenous vein ECs were incubated with CRP (0 to 100 microg/mL, 0 to 72 hours), and the expression of the complement-inhibitory proteins decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (CD46), and CD59 were measured by flow cytometry. Incubation with CRP resulted in a significant increase in the expression of all 3 proteins. CRP-induced upregulation of DAF required increased steady-state mRNA and de novo protein synthesis. The increased expression of complement-inhibitory proteins was functionally effective, resulting in significant reduction of complement-mediated lysis of antibody-coated human saphenous vein ECs. CONCLUSIONS: These observations provide evidence for a possible protective role for CRP in atherogenesis.