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Historical methods analyze excess pneumonia-influenza deaths, suggesting improved recognition of outbreaks.
THE USE of excess mortality as an index for recognition of influenza outbreaks is well known through the detailed studies of the late Dr. Selwyn Collins.In his historical reviews, the sequence of influenza outbreaks in the United States was traced back to the late 19th
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Robert E. Serfling (1963) studied this question.
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