Hardiness is a construct with widespread appeal to nurse researchers. Of 97 papers reviewed, 35 were written by nurses. Because of its popularity, there is a pressing need to analyze hardiness carefully. This critical analysis of hardiness describes Kobasa's work as the foundation of hardiness research, provides a review of hardiness in the nursing literature, and recommends future hardiness research.
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Jennings et al. (1994) studied this question.
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