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The paper compares the implementation of quality management programmes of higher education in US and international academic institutions. The comparison is based on the use of formal quality models such as ISO 9000 and Malcolm Baldrige Criteria, Quality-of- Design, Quality-of-Conformance, and Quality-of-Performance. An interesting outcome was the absence of Quality-of-Performance among US universities.
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Grant et al. (2004) studied this question.
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