Intracity Competition between Public and Private Service Delivery

could enjoy a free ride. Although some privately produced research on minorities and women has appeared in recent years (see note 25, above), the volume is not great. Hence, we believe these two issues deserved greater attention. 27. Employing the approach outlined above, i.e., using descriptors 1 through 3 as the basis for our search. 28. The present Secretary of the Army, Clifford Alexander, has reiterated on several occasions his view that blacks enter the armed forces because of the excellent opportunities military service affords; their presence in large numbers, he argues, does not constitute a problem. Beyond the reason voiced by Secretary Alexander, many senior officers consider representativeness an issue that the armed services can do little if anything about. The issue is, however, a concern to some members of the black community and to many civilian observers of the all-volunteer force. On the latter point, see Morris Janowitz and Charles C. Moskos, Jr., Five Years of the All-Volunteer Force: 1973-1978, Armed Forces and Society, Winter 1979, pp. 190-200. 29. This explanation draws on discussions with Professor Nora Kinzer of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and David R. Segal of the University of Maryland. Kinzer and Segal were senior staff officials at the Army Research Institute during this period, and both participated in discussions with military officials on proposed research projects on women. 30. A point underscored by Robert L. Goldich, an analyst with the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division of the Congressional Research Service, in a conversation on May 3, 1979.