Avoidable Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Aktobe Region

Introduction: Avoidable mortality, which can be categorized as preventable or treatable mortality, can be used to assess the performance of a healthcare system and identify priority interventions. The aim of this study is to examine mortality rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Aktobe, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: We extracted data from the National Research Center for Health Development in the Aktobe region by urban and rural areas. The calculations took into account the population’s age and mortality rates from chronic rheumatic heart disease (I05-I09), hypertension (I10-I15), ischemic heart disease (I20-I25), and cerebrovascular diseases (I60-I69) from 2019 to 2023, broken down by gender and 5-year age groups (0, 1–4, 5–9, to 71-74). Joinpoint regression is used to identify the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Avoidable mortality from CVD increased between 2019 and 2021, followed by a sharp decrease to 95.49 in 2022 and then to 96.19 per 100,000 people. Avoidable mortality was higher in rural areas and among males. Treatable mortality in the region was higher than preventable mortality. The leading causes of avoidable CVD were ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases. The AAPC of avoidable mortality from CVD in the Aktobe region was 2.1 (-29.7; 48.2), whereas treatable mortality was 2.4 (-29.0; 47.6), and preventable was 1.7 (-30.6; 48.9). The absolute change for avoidable mortality related to CVD was 16.96 per 100,000 people. Conclusion: Our data indicate the need to strengthen work in hospitals and secondary prevention, as there is a high treatable mortality rate, especially in rural areas. Additionally, the high level of avoidable mortality rates among males indicates the need for a more in-depth analysis of the causes, particularly for ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases.