Key result
Pharmacogenomic testing cuts emergency visits and hospitalizations by identifying poor responders to CV drugs.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases carry substantial burden partly due to the failure of one-size-fits-all therapies, prompting advances in defining genetic variants responsible for drug responses.
Pharmacogenomics offers significant potential to personalize cardiovascular therapies and reduce adverse events, though clinical implementation requires enhanced education and training.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support pharmacogenomic personalization of CV therapies; leaves open need for prospective validation before clinical adoption.
Background and Aim: Among the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction are associated with the greatest number of disability-adjusted life years due to lifestyle changes and the failure of therapeutic approaches, especially the one-size-fits-all interventions. As a result, there has been advances in defining genetic variants responsible for different responses to cardiovascular drugs such as antiplatelets, anticoagulants, statins, and beta-blockers, which has led to their usage in guiding treatment plans. This study comprehensively reviews the current state-of-the-art potential of pharmacogenomics in dramatically altering CVD treatment. It stresses the applicability of pharmacogenomic technology, the threats associated with its adoption in the clinical setting, and proffers relevant solutions. Methods: Literature search strategies were used to retrieve articles from various databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Articles with information relevant to pharmacogenomics, DNA variants, cardiovascular diseases, sequencing techniques, and drug responses were reviewed and analyzed. Results: DNA-based technologies such as next generation sequencing, whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and targeted segment sequencing can identify variants in the human genome. This has played a substantial role in identifying different genetic variants governing the poor response and adverse effects associated with cardiovascular drugs. Thus, this has reduced patients' number of emergency visits and hospitalization. Conclusion: Despite the emergence of pharmacogenomics, its implementation has been threatened by factors including patient compliance and a low adoption rate by clinicians. Education and training programs targeting both healthcare professionals and patients should be established to increase the acceptance and application of the emerging pharmacogenomic technologies in reducing the burden of CVDs.
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Inshutiyimana et al. (2024) conducted a review in Cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacogenomics was evaluated. Pharmacogenomic technologies identify genetic variants governing poor response to cardiovascular drugs, reducing patients' number of emergency visits and hospitalizations.
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