Is Mindfulness in Schools ‘Dead in the Water’? Teachers’ Voices Argue for a More Integrative Approach

Recent debates within mindfulness in education in the United Kingdom highlight tensions between instrumental and integral approaches. Large-scale evidence from the University of Oxford’s MYRIAD project has questioned the effectiveness of school-based mindfulness in preventing adolescent mental health problems, while revealing positive impacts on teachers’ wellbeing and school climate. This study adopts a phenomenological and hermeneutic framework to explore teachers’ perspectives on how mindfulness can be implemented as an integral educational practice rather than a therapeutic intervention. After initial semi-structured interviews with 15 experienced mindfulness teachers from England and Wales, four in-depth focus groups with six of these participants followed and these data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. The findings identify 10 guiding principles for an integral approach, emphasising cultural transformation, the cultivation of mindful attitudes, flexible and evolving curricula, and the prioritisation of adult training and leadership engagement. Participants viewed mindfulness as an educational endeavour fostering compassion, creativity, ethical awareness, and relational flourishing. The discussion situates these insights within broader critiques of neoliberal performativity in education, arguing that mindfulness should be reframed as a pathway toward collective wellbeing and flourishing rather than an individual coping mechanism. Sustainable implementation, therefore, depends on systemic commitment and the cultivation of a culture of care in school communities.