Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

infection). We performed a review of the literature on MRSA PVE to summarize data on pathogenic mechanisms and updates in epidemiology and therapeutic management and to inform diagnostic strategies and priority areas where additional clinical and laboratory data will be particularly useful to guide therapy. Major updates discussed in this review include novel diagnostics, indications for surgical management, the utility of aminoglycosides in medical therapy, and a review of newer antistaphylococcal agents used for the management of MRSA PVE.