Emerging strategies for a green and sustainable synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Recognized as a green oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) holds a prominent position in the fields of chemistry and material sciences owing to its broad range of applications. The green and efficient synthesis of H 2 O 2 has garnered significant attention as an alternative to the traditional anthraquinone oxidation methods. Over the past several years, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photo-electrocatalytic, and biocatalytic approaches have offered promising pathways for a green and sustainable production of H 2 O 2 . In this review, we summarize recent advances in catalytic systems and provide a detailed analysis of catalyst design, performance metrics, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, we outline the existing challenges and future prospects for developing high-performance, low-cost catalytic systems that operate under mild conditions.