A robust framework for wind farm modeling based on loss characterization

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems has driven the development of more realistic methodologies for modeling wind farm energy production. This article introduces a comprehensive wind farm model that explicitly accounts for the wake effect using the Jensen model and a wake superposition scheme to evaluate interactions among multiple wind turbines. A coordinate rotation model incorporates directional wind variability, enabling a more realistic simulation of wind speed and direction scenarios. Additionally, turbines unavailability losses are integrated through a risk function representing turbine outages. The model also includes probabilistic electrical, environmental, turbine performance, and curtailment loss estimates, using probability distributions fitted to estimated data. This multidimensional approach offers a more comprehensive estimate of annual energy production, providing practical value for enhancing the technical feasibility assessment of wind energy projects and optimizing the design and operation of energy output.