Development and feasibility of a metaverse-based program for health care transition and quality of life in adolescents with spina bifida: A pilot study

Objective Adolescents with spina bifida (SB) often face difficulties in developing self-management skills and forming social relationships, both essential for successful healthcare transition. The metaverse, offering psychological safety through avatar-based interactions, presents a promising approach to address these developmental challenges. This pilot study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a metaverse-based program designed to support healthcare transition and improve quality of life in adolescents with SB. Methods Following intervention development and expert validation, eight Korean adolescents with SB (aged 13−15 years) were recruited from a tertiary care center. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated through pre- and post-intervention assessments and interviews. Results All participants completed a four-week program, with a 100% retention rate and high satisfaction scores for both the program and metaverse platform. While quantitative changes were not statistically significant, qualitative findings indicated positive experiences, including increased self-management awareness, emotional support through mentorship, and greater engagement facilitated via avatar-based interactions. Conclusions The metaverse-based program effectively met the informational and psychosocial needs of adolescents with SB through peer support and avatar-based anonymity. These findings support the potential of metaverse platforms for enhancing healthcare transition in adolescents with SB.