Exploitation of Ardeidae Birds in an International Wetland (Ramsar Site 1018) in South-East Benin, West Africa

Ardeidae (herons, egrets, and bitterns) are key components of wetland ecosystems but are increasingly threatened by hunting and belief-based uses in Benin (West Africa). Despite their ecological importance, the cultural knowledge and practices associated with these species remain poorly documented in Benin. This study aimed to analyze traditional knowledge and uses of Ardeidae species by ethnic communities living in the wetlands of South-East Benin (Ramsar Site 1018), in order to understand the role of cultural factors in shaping human–bird interactions. Structured questionnaires were administered to 300 individuals across 12 communes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, citation frequencies, ethnobiological use values, and principal component analysis to assess relationships between ethnic groups and bird species. Ethnic group significantly influenced Ardeidae-related knowledge. Food and mystical uses were significant according to linear regression analysis. Ardea purpurea was the most consumed species, whereas Bubulcus ibis was predominantly used for mystical purposes. Ethnic background also significantly influenced use values, with Goun and Fon groups showing the highest food and mystical use values, respectively. Traditional knowledge and practices strongly shape Ardeidae exploitation in South-East Benin. For effective conservation, it is essential to integrate ethnozoological knowledge into management strategies, develop culturally sensitive awareness programs, and promote community participation in wetland biodiversity protection.