Combining new technologies with traditional knowledge to improve fishing efficiency and preserve the last Spanish Mediterranean Almadraba

Mediterranean artisanal fisheries in the Region of Murcia, and more broadly, face severe economic, environmental, and socio-labour challenges that threaten their long-term sustainability and, consequently, the principles of a Blue Economy aimed at fostering growth while ensuring environmental and social wellbeing. Nevertheless, the adoption of digital technologies remains limited due to time constraints, high costs, and low technical skills. In response to these challenges, we co-developed WiSea, an early-warning and decision-support system, in collaboration with artisanal fishers from the Tonnara (Almadraba) of La Azohía and the Fishermen’s Guild of Águilas. WiSea is a prototype that integrates an underwater camera buoy with real-time data processing and transmission, thereby enabling fishers to optimise catch, monitor nets, and prevent dolphin-related damages. Importantly, beyond the technical proof of concept, the project implemented a participatory process with local artisanal fishers, actively incorporating their traditional knowledge and practices. Moreover, two multi-actor workshops involving 135 stakeholders from fisheries, science, universities, and administrations were organised to co-create solutions and explore digitalisation pathways. To complement these efforts, a questionnaire was distributed to capture perceptions on digitalisation and its role in promoting a fair and inclusive Blue Economy adapted to the Murcia region, while looking for local fishing communities. Overall, field tests during Almadraba operations and participatory evaluations confirmed WiSea’s usability and potential to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. However, barriers such as training gaps, high costs and insufficient supportive policies persist. Therefore, unlocking the full potential of digitalisation will require coordinated technical, economic, and institutional support to ensure that innovation complements, rather than replaces, local knowledge and artisanal practices. Finally, future research should extend this approach to other Mediterranean regions to assess broader applicability and equity implications for a just Blue Economy.