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On a composite sample of 940 individuals assessed at the Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, a series of analyses examining the extent and nature of correspondence between (a) observer descriptions of personality using the California Q-Set and (b) scores on the standard scales of the self-report California Psychological Inventory was performed. The instruments converged in the domains of social competence (vs. interpersonal inadequacy), rectitude (vs. rebellion), intellectual openness, tender-mindedness (vs. tough-mindedness), and emotional expressiveness.
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Lanning et al. (1991) studied this question.
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