Practical Qualitative Research Strategies: An Introduction to Data Analysis and Rigorous Coding Practices

The increased emphasis on qualitative research in nutrition education and behavior underscores the need for structured processes that enhance analytical rigor and transparency. A 5-phase qualitative analysis process was developed to guide research teams through a structured coding and theming process, while promoting intercoder consistency, critical reflection, iterative refinement, and replication. This process supports novice and experienced analysts alike and is adaptable to diverse study designs. By enhancing the trustworthiness of findings, implementing the 5-phase process can improve program development, evaluation, and adaptation, and inform context-specific, evidence-based policies in nutrition education and health promotion settings.